Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Gongshang University (2024SYS034)
Statistical Scientific Key Research Project of Zhejiang (25TJZZ20)
Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality (2023J101)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LMS25G010002)
Article History
Received: 29 March 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This research did not require ethical approval, as it did not involve any human participants, animal experiments, or sensitive data.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.