Ismail, Rozmi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-6717
Sitinjak, Charli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-6777
Simic, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-3744
Tahir, Zurinah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-0827
Yazid, Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8782-1896
Harun, Zambri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-3314
Hashim, Noor Azuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-4685
Bacanin, Nebojsa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-924X
Rose, Rosniza Aznie Che https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-6338
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (TRGS/1/2020/UKM/02/1/2)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2023
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026