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Authors
Ren, Youyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-4843
Wang, Yuhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-7495
Xia, Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-8614
Wu, Dongdong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9784-401X
Fu, Yiyang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-2603
Huang, Wentao https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9362-890X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71871106)
National Social Science Fund later funded projects (23FGLB051)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP1809ZD, 2019JDZD06, JUSRP321016)
the Major Projects of Philosophy and Social Science Research of Guizhou Province (21GZZB32)
Project of Chinese Academic Degrees and Graduate Education (2020ZDB2)
Major research project of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Higher Education Scientific Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Association (ZDGG02)
2021 Wuxi Science and Technology Association key topics (KX-21-C025)
Special Research Project on Education Digitalization by the Ministry of Education (CSDP24LF1G402)
Special project on scientific and technological ethics (scientific research integrity) of Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Applied Research Excellent Project (24SLA-01)
Key Project in Philosophy and Social Science of Wuxi (WXSK24-A-06)
2024 Anhui Province Social Science Innovation and Development Research Project (2024CXQ032)
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
