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Authors
Chen, Yiming
Cai, Jinyang
Hu, Ruifa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71973011)
Beijing institute of technology (2024CX13014)
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research project has been approved by the ethics committee and institution of Beijing Institute of Technology, and has been carried out strictly in accordance with ethical guidelines. In this study, we respected and protected the rights and privacy of the participants and ensured the confidentiality of their personal information.
