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Authors
Li, Xiaojing
Hou, Xiaokang
Li, Junying
Ma, Xiaochen
Wu, Jiaxuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Fund of China (72303201)
National Social Science Fund of China (23CGL038)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QG054)
Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China (2024KJL029)
Tsinghua Rural Studies PhD Scholarship (202420)
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: We have obtained approval from all appropriate Institutional Review Boards. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved for submission by all the named authors.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
