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Authors
Abu-Tineh, Abdullah M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3908-3096
Alazaizeh, Manar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-949X
Ghamrawi, Norma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-9657
Alshaboul, Yousef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-670X
Shal, Tarek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0824-6449
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar University
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2024
Accepted: 25 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests..
Ethical approval: The manuscript received ethical approval from the Qatar University Institutional Review Board (IRB).
