Betancourth-Cundar, Mileydi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-6028
Amézquita, Adolfo
Cadena, Carlos Daniel
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of the Andes
Article History
Received: 3 July 2023
Accepted: 26 July 2024
First Online: 2 September 2024
Declarations
:
: All authors declare that the research did not involve human participants and an informed consent was not needed.
: All authors confirm that all applicable international, national, or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals recommended for the Animal Behavior Society were followed. Procedures for capture, handling, and sample collections of live animals in the field were approved by the Colombian National Parks authority (Research permits 129–2020 and 024-2017 to MBC) and National Authority for Environmental Licenses (ANLA) under a permit issued to the Universidad de los Andes (Resolution 1177 de 2014). All experiments were observational therefore we did not require ethics committee approval. To reduce disturbance on frogs, at most four playback experiments were completed with a single male on a given day. Following intrusion experiments, all males exhibited typical behavior during later observations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.