Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Yamada, Hiroyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-5687
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP 23KJ1667)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
:
: I declare that I have no conflicts of interest.
: The field samplings and experiments using an electrofishing unit were conducted with permission from the Ehime Prefectural Government. Individuals were captured by electrofishing and tagged with VIE marks—both of which are invasive procedures—but were released back into their original habitats after the experiments. At least some were later confirmed to have survived, suggesting that the experimental procedures had minimal long-term impact.
