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Authors
Xiao, Heng https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4937-0223
Zhang, Fangfang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5623-8486
Luo, Haixia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5347-3819
Wang, Longwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4397
Liang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-9707
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32260253 and 32570559)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32470513 and 32270526)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The experiments comply with the current laws of China. Experimental procedures were in accordance with the Animal Research Ethics Committee of Hainan Provincial Education Centre for Ecology and Environment, Hainan Normal University (No. HNECEE-2012-003) and Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Guizhou Normal University (No. 2022001).
: Data used for this study and videos of cuckoo egg-laying behavior were provided as supplementary material and are available at:
