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Potential toxicological assessment of 4-Methylimidazole (4-MEI) in Ctenopharyngodon idella; LC50 determination, acute and sublethal effects on physiological, immunological, and histopathological indicators

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01578-9

Published Online: 2025-09-27

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zaman, Muhib

Zuberi, Amina

Younas, Waqar

Noorullah, Muhammad

Lodhi, Faisal Ahmad

Khan, Adnan
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-27
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Article History

Received: 23 April 2025

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 27 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the bioethical committee of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, in compliance with local legislation (BEC-FBS-QAU-2023–631). All procedures involving fish, including anesthesia and dissection, were conducted in compliance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Fish in Research as outlined by DeTolla et al. ( ).

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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