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Antioxidants, immunotoxicological, and histopathological impacts of polypropylene microplastics emitted from paper cups on Clarias gariepinus and the ameliorating role of Spirulina and recovery

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-025-01587-8

Published Online: 2025-10-22

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Eid, Zainab

Mahmoud, Usama M.

Abdel-Tawab, Hanem S.

Sayed, Alaa El-Din H.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Assiut University
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-22

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-22
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Article History

Received: 11 January 2025

Accepted: 19 September 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declarations

:

: In Assiut University, Egypt, the MBRSI-Research Ethics Committee (IORG0010947-22–2023-0027) authorized the experimental design, techniques, and fish handling.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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