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Authors
Marthinsen, Joachim Larsen https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2429-4708
Reitan, Kjell Inge https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1149-810X
Kjørsvik, Elin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-3727
Bardal, Tora https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5274-8115
Li, Keshuai https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-2713
Nunes, Bruno https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7379-643X
Vassbotn, Amalie Munthe https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6993-1616
Olsen, Rolf Erik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6633-5837
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The experiment was carried out in accordance with the Norwegian Regulation on Animal Experimentation (FOR-2015–06-18–761) at NTNU SeaLab, Trondheim, Norway, an approved facility for fish experiments (National Animal Experimental Facility No. 154). Fish sampled during the trial, as well as those remaining at the end, were euthanized with an anesthetic overdose of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222, ScanVacc AS, Norway). Approval by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority was not required, as the study did not involve any regulated procedures.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
