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Authors
Casu, Fabio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-375X
Bayless, Amanda L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9073-5582
Peterson, Brian C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-8383
Hamlin, Heather J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-5509
Boggs, Ashley S. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9765-7559
Schock, Tracey B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-7816
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Agriculture (2021-68012-35922 and 2022-67016-37226)
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Article History
Received: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 15 April 2026
Declarations
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: The animal study was reviewed and approved by the IACUC at the National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center in Franklin, ME (IACUC Approval No 2022–06).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Certain commercial equipment, instruments, trade names, products, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply or convey and should not be interpreted as conveying official approval, recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
