Funding for this research was provided by:
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515010045)
Basic Research Program of Jiangsu (BK20231217)
Basic Research Program of Jiangsu (BK20220265)
Independent research project of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science (2023ZB15)
Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLGME023001)
Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (sklhse-KF-2025-D-02)
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Civil Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology (2021B1212040003)
Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.