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Authors
Guo, Jiaqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-7923
Li, Yue
Wang, Jianhua
Liu, Xiliang
Luo, Jing
Sun, Feiyue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51474097)
Key Project of Scientific Research and Development Program of State Railway Group Co., Ltd. (N2024G049)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3805903)
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
