Chiu, Jessica Ka Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-0176
Erharter, Georg H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7793-9994
Roset, Olav https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4319-8344
Rebhan, Matthias J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-6202
Li, Charlie Chunlin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-3231
Funding for this research was provided by:
Norges Forskningsråd (323307)
Bane NOR
Bever Control AS
NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.