Wang, Xiaomin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8697-293X
Liu, Bo
Zhou, Tonglai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-9396
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (2022C03)
the Science and Technology Program of Tibet Autonomous Region (XZ202501YD0007)
the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2022E122)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2139209)
Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.