Istiqomah, Erma Wahyu
Sumadio, Widyawati
Ramdhan, Muhammad
Yulius, Yulius
Putra, Aprizon
Salim, Hadiwijaya L
Jusuf, Rubini
Dahlan, Dahri
Erikha, Fajar
Max, Jonathan I S D
Yusriansyah, Eka
Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. The study relies on secondary sources (archival maps, published documents, official development information, and licensed satellite imagery) and does not involve human participants, personal data, or experiments with animals. Any expert inputs referenced were institutional and non-identifiable.