Hošoff, Boris
Kharin, Sergei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (VEGA project No. 2/0060/23)
Slovak Academy of Sciences
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval is not applicable. This study is based on secondary analysis of aggregated regional economic data at the NUTS-3 level from the European Commission’s Annual Regional Database. No primary data collection, individual-level data, or human subjects research was involved.