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Authors
Araya-Gutiérrez, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-212X
Araya-Valverde, Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0025-5420
Méndez-Álvarez, Dawa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-5485
Arias-Aguilar, Dagoberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-9172
Murillo-Campos, Mariangel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-3684
Zamora, Nelson A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-3725
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CENAT-CONARE Scholarship Program (Diversidad genética del árbol Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Ex A. Juss) para el cultivo comercial en Costa Rica)
Postgraduate Directorate, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Vice-Rectory of Research and Extension, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (Cultivo comercial del árbol Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) para la producción de caucho natural en zonas rurales de Costa Rica)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 17 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The collection of samples in this research was performed with the permission of the National Commission for the Management of Biodiversity in Costa Rica under permit number R-CM-ITCR-006-2024-OT-CONAGEBIO.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used generative AI tools to improve clarity and conciseness throughout the writing process, improve readability in English, and perform simple language polishing. All AI-generated content was carefully reviewed, edited, and approved. The final analysis, conclusions, and interpretations represent our views and expertise. We take full responsibility for the content and accuracy of this work.
