Khan, Zafran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-2518
Gul, Nimra https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4836-7271
Riaz, Maria
Zubair, Bakhtawar
Tariq, Mazhar
Khan, Azeem Iqbal
Shakeel, Amir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9812-368X
Tan, Daniel K. Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-4557
Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study adhered to all relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation in Pakistan. No special permissions were required for sample collection. All plant materials used in the study complied with Pakistan regulations and legislation. This study isn’t a clinical trial.
: Not applicable.