Amir, Muhammad Ali
Ullah, Qudrat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-0917
Haidri, Irfan
Haider, Waqas
Qasim, Muhammad
Promwee, Athakorn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-9090
Khan, Rashid Abbas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-6274
Khan, Amjid https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5475-5156
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of South Africa
Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 14 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT to assist with language refinement and to improve the clarity of the manuscript. Additionally, the Canva platform was used to design visual figures. Following the use of these tools, the authors reviewed, edited, and verified the content to ensure accuracy and coherence. The authors take full responsibility for the final content of the published article. We confirm that no generative AI tools were used to create, manipulate, or design visual imagery; all figures are original works developed by the authors.