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Article History

Received: 6 July 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no relevant fnancial or non-fnancial interests to disclose.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Moroccan Ministry of Health and international research ethics standards. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review board (IRB). Participants were informed about the study objectives, confidentiality measures and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Data were anonymized to protect participant identities, and only aggregate results were reported.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the results of this study.