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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Education, Vietnam National University Hanoi (QS.24.09)
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors acknowledge initial support from the USAID Partnership for Higher Education Reform project for work on this manuscript.
: Voluntary and informed consent was obtained verbally from all participants for all data collected. Participants have been anonymized. The site of study has not been disclosed to mitigate deductive disclosure of participants.
