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Authors
Azaria, Cherry https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3563-6569
Susilowati, Rina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-5803
Sumiwi, Yustina Andwi Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-4081
Purnomosari, Dewajani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-8387
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate of Research, Technology and Community Service, Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Indonesia (048/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024; 2746/UN1/DITLIT/PT.01.03/2024)
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Commission for Research at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, under approval number KE/FK/0676/EC/2023 and KE/FK/1446/EC/2024. The present study followed the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. All efforts were made to minimize potential animal distress following the relevant guidelines and regulations.
