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Authors
Kayani, Abdul Mueez Alam
Garcia, Alan
Rashid, Muhammad Affan
Fretz, Thomas
Umar, Muhammad Faiq
Lemus-Zamora, Ricky E.
Fudim, Marat
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Revised: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This manuscript does not contain original clinical or patient data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Dr Fudim has received personal fees from Alleviant, Ajax, Alio Health, Alleviant, Artha, Audicor, Axon Therapies, Bayer, Bodyguide, Bodyport, Boston Scientific, Broadview, Cadence, Cardioflow, Cardionomics, Coridea, CVRx, Daxor, Deerfield Catalyst, Edwards Lifesciences, Echosens, EKO, Feldschuh Foundation, Fire1, FutureCardia, Galvani, Gradient, Hatteras, HemodynamiQ, Impulse Dynamics, Intershunt, Medtronic, Merck, NIMedical, NovoNordisk, NucleusRx, NXT Biomedical, Orchestra, Pharmacosmos, PreHealth, Presidio, Procyreon, ReCor, Rockley, SCPharma, Shifamed, Splendo, Summacor, SyMap, Verily, Vironix, Viscardia, and Zoll; and has received grants from the National Institutes of Health, Doris Duke, outside the submitted work. Dr. Muhammad Shahzeb Khan has received consultant fees from Bayer, Novartis and Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have no competing interest or conflict of interest to report.
