Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 September 2025

Revised: 30 December 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: A.P.A. has received relevant research support through grants to his institution from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL150159 and R01AG091005), the American Heart Association, The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Community Benefits Programs, Garfield Memorial Fund, Abbott Laboratories, Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bayer Pharma AG, Cordio Medical, Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Merck, and Novartis and has been a consultant to Bayer Pharma AG, Corstasis, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos A/S, scPharma, Reprieve Cardiovascular, and VisCardia. T.A. serves as consultant and is on the speaker’s bureau for Abbott, Edwards Life Sciences, scPharmaceuticals and CVRx. N.G. reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Roche Diagnostics, NP Medical and Echosens. O.C. has received grants from Servier. L.M. has received a travel grant from Boehringer Ingelheim. All conflicts of interest have been declared outside the present work.