Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 17 July 2025

First Online: 16 August 2025

Declarations

:

: We have not received prior ethical approval or exemption proof for our research because only medical research at our institutions (both Tokyo Gakugei University and FFPRI) requires ethical review. We obtained permission to survey the boards of education of each municipality before starting. Participants were informed that completing the questionnaire was voluntary, and we did not collect any information that could identify individuals. The cover page of the questionnaire clearly stated the survey’s purpose, including how the data would be processed to ensure anonymity and that it would be used solely for academic purposes. We consider that participants have consented by submitting their completed questionnaires.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.