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Article History

Received: 9 November 2025

Accepted: 29 July 2026

First Online: 7 August 2026

Declarations

: During the preparation of this work, the authors used Grammarly and Paperpal, and ChatGPT to check the grammar, punctuation, and clarity. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics: This study involved human participants through an online survey and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants. As the first author’s institution did not have an institutional research ethics committee able to review the study, the study protocol was formally referred by the institution to the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Mazandaran for ethical review. Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Mazandaran (Approval No. IR.UMZ.REC.1404.024). Participation was entirely voluntary, and informed consent was obtained before participants proceeded with the survey. Participants had the right to withdraw at any time, and all responses were anonymous to protect privacy and confidentiality.