Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China: Ecosystem Service Flow Based on Cascading Processes (32071664)
the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program (2019QZKK0307)
Article History
Received: 6 August 2024
Revised: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.