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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hochschule Trier
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Revised: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Animal tagging procedures (PIT tagging) were conducted under permission issued by the competent authority of Rhineland-Palatinate ( Landesuntersuchungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz , under the supervision of the Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Energy and Mobility of Rhineland-Palatinate— Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie und Mobilität Rheinland-Pfalz ), in accordance with the German Animal Welfare Act and the EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
: Not applicable.
