Mészáros, Boglárka https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0005-8678
Funk, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-1234
Hein, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-4607
Landler, Lukas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-7924
Meulenbroek, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-2792
Pont, Didier https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-0135
Valentini, Alice https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-5479
Schmera, Dénes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-8413
Czeglédi, István https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-7987
Erős, Tibor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2252-3115
Funding for this research was provided by:
Austrian Science Fund project RIMECO (I 5006)
Hungarian ANN-OTKA (141884)
Széchenyi Plan Plus program (RRF 2.3.1 21 2022 00008)
Sustainable Development and Technologies National Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (FFT NP FTA)
Sustainable Development and Technologies National Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (NP2022-II3/2022)
Christian Doppler Society (CD Laboratory for Meta Ecosystem Dynamics in riverine landscapes (MERI))
U Projects H2020 MERLIN (101036337)
HEU Danube4all (101093985)
HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute
Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Revised: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
:
: AV is a Research Scientist in a private company specializing in the use of eDNA for biodiversity monitoring, with some patented technologies (SPYGEN). The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: No animal was harmed, killed or suffered during the study, since we collected only water samples for eDNA. Field research was approved under permit no. PE-KTFO/5787–10/2020 issued by the National Department of Environment and Nature Protection.