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Authors
Raven, Olivier V. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6184-6831
Burdon, Francis J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-4993
Kusabs, Ian A. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-7447
Holmes, Robin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2717
Özkundakci, Deniz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-4576
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (CAWX2101)
Toihuarewa Waimāori - Bay of Plenty Regional Council Chair in Lake and Freshwater Science programme
University of Waikato
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2026
Revised: 26 June 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
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: The corresponding author has declared that none of the authors has any conflict of interest.
: This study did not involve experimentation on humans or animals. Kōura and fish were captured using standard fisheries sampling methods. Permission to conduct field sampling and handle aquatic fauna was granted by Te Arawa Lakes Trust and Te Komiti Whakahaere. Formal institutional ethical approval was not required.
