Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 May 2024

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This work involves research with human participants. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the University of Alabama Institutional Review Board (IRB), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. All procedures followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and participant privacy was protected throughout the research process. A letter of approval and the informed consent document used are both available upon request.

: I am declaring one competing interest. My mentor, former advisor, and current colleague is Dr. Claire Major , an editor of Innovative Higher Education , where I am submitting this article. She was my advisor as I completed the research for this article and knows the work quite well. Please take note for the review process.I declare that I have no known competing financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article.