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Authors
Setiyawan, Andri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-6672
Soeharto, Soeharto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-7401
Maričić, Mirjana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-7735
Lavicza, Zsolt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-5068
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johannes Kepler University Linz
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Revised: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: This research is part of research project under ethical research permission that was obtained by researchers from the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang B/5181/UN37.1.5/KP.15/2025.
: The study involved human participants (32 pre-service teachers) who voluntarily chose to participate in the research. For the realization of the research, permission (consent) was sought from them. Participation in the study was voluntary. The data was collected, saved, and analyzed anonymously.
: All authors have read and approved the final version of the article.
