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Authors
Garzón, Benjamín https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-7280
Berger, Stéphanie
Driver, Charles C.
Tomasik, Martin J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (100019_188920)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Revised: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: Stéphanie Berger is employed by the Institute for Educational Evaluation, a commercial company that developed and administered the formative and summative assessments used in this study. The assessments were commissioned and funded by Northwestern Switzerland’s educational authorities (Bildungsraum Nordwestschweiz), which oversee education in the four cantons relevant here. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
