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What Digital Competencies Should Teachers Possess to Teach Educational Cybersecurity to Students in Schools? Design and Validation of a Teacher Competency Scale

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-026-09954-x

Published Online: 2026-02-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

de la Flor-Bancalero, Pablo

Guillen-Gamez, Francisco David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-526X
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Universidad de Málaga
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-10

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-10
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Article History

Received: 12 November 2025

Revised: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 2 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: This study was approved by the corresponding ethical committee.

: No human samples or participants were involved in this study.

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