Duan, Jingrui
Zheng, Yuan
Gui, Xiaofan
Chen, Zhiyu
Lu, Zhigang
Gong, Yubin
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62301130, 62471115, 62071087, 62471097, 62427806,92163204, 92463308)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023NSFSC0452)
Stable-Support Scientific Project of Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics
Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.