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Article History

Received: 25 October 2023

Accepted: 23 July 2024

First Online: 6 August 2024

Declarations

:

: We followed ethical guidelines for this study involving humans. Informed consent was obtained from all human participants. Additionally, consent to publish the findings was obtained from all participants involved in this research.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, whether of a financial or personal nature, that could influence or be perceived to influence the work presented in this paper.

: First, we did not submit the manuscript to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration. The proposed work is original and has not been published in another journal in any form or language. Parts of the research findings has been previously showcased at PME 2023 in Haifa () through an oral presentation (10 min talk). These preliminary findings were therefore shared in part as a pre-print in a conference paper. The current paper under discussion serves as an expansion upon these earlier results, presenting a more comprehensive view of the research with additional findings and insights that were not previously disclosed.The authors provide transparency on the re-use of material to prevent concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).Further, to maintain the integrity and future usability of our instruments, we have opted not to include the specific questions presented to participants in the appendix. However, we are more than happy to share the instruments with other researchers upon request. Interested researchers can contact us directly (alina.kadluba@tum.de) for access to the detailed instruments used in this study.Additionally, this study has not been split into several parts to increase the number of submissions submitted to various journals or to one journal over time.The results are presented honestly without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation, including image-based manipulation. Authors adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting, and processing data.No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgments of other works are given. This includes closely copied material (near verbatim), summarized or paraphrased.