Schadl, Constanze https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-5976
Ufer, Stefan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3187-3459
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (not available)
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Article History
Received: 16 November 2023
Accepted: 21 March 2025
First Online: 5 May 2025
Declarations
: The presented level models of fraction knowledge and skills are part of the doctoral dissertation of the first author, written under supervision of the second author at LMU Munich, Germany. Furthermore, this contribution includes secondary analyses of the dissertation's data. The dissertation is published in German language. This contribution intends to share the results with the broader international research community. This research was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research as part of the 'Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung' (Initiative for Quality in Teacher Education).
: We obtained approval from the Bavarian Ministry of Science and Art in Munich (approval numbers: X.7-BO5106/157/16; X.7-BO4106.2018/3/9), Germany, and from the state education authority (approval number: SchR III/ Bor). Both approved of our studies in terms of the applicable regulations regarding scientific research in schools in Bavaria as well as the 'pedagogical added value' of our study.