Funding for this research was provided by:
Australian Research Council (Lp 180100859)
University of Western Australia
Article History
Received: 26 August 2024
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The participants involved in this study gave their informed consent for this publication. The research was carried out under the University of Western Australia Ethics approval number 2019/RA/4/20/5875.
: Professor David Treagust, the current editor of International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, is listed as the third author of the paper.