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Article History

Accepted: 6 March 2025

First Online: 27 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The research on which this article is based was performed in accordance with ethical standards as laid down in the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK (ASA) Ethical Guidelines 2021 for good research practice.The research was approved by Oxford University’s School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography Research Ethics Committee (SAME REC) on 7 June 2019 in accordance with the procedures laid down by Oxford University for ethical approval of all research involving human participants, with the reference number is SAME_C1A_19_028.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in the research. Due to the precarious situation of research participants with regard to their immigration and legal status in the UAE, consent was obtained verbally and no identifying information was included in the article or stored in research notes, in accordance with the recommendations of the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK (ASA) Ethical Guidelines 2021 for good research practice.

: The author declares no competing interests.