Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 22 June 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors report no conflict of interest for the present paper.
: The Human Ethics Committee, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, permitted the use of human blood for bioassays under approval number NF-052-15.