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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 18 August 2025

First Online: 4 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this review article.

: Informed consent was obtained from the patient for the use of their clinical images in this publication.

: The patient provided written consent for the publication of their clinical images in this article.

: Not applicable.

: Clinical evidence regarding the use of iPSCs and endothelial progenitor cells for treating chronic wounds is limited. However, these undifferentiated cells have shown promise in early disease stages, as observed in the in-vitro/in-vivo assessments. To enhance stem cell effectiveness, researchers must consider several approaches, such as maintaining cell viability, exploring ways to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness, targeted delivery, and developing innovative strategies for precise delivery to the wound site. Additionally, using stem cell therapy as an adjunct to other agents (such as growth factors and microvesicles) for wound healing also requires further evaluation.