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Authors
Tate, Tamara P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-8435
Harnick-Shapiro, Beth
Ritchie, Daniel Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7110-8882
Tseng, Waverly
Dennin, Michael
Warschauer, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-4416
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (23152984, 23152984, 23152984, 23152984, 23152984, 23152984)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2024
Accepted: 17 April 2025
First Online: 8 May 2025
Declarations
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: The need for ethical approval was waived by the IRB of the University of California, Irvine because of the nature of the study and self-exemption documentation was filed (2023–2565, approval date January 17, 2023) as permitted by the institution for research conducted in an educational setting involving normal educational practices; educational tests, survey, interview, observations of public behavior; and benign behavioral interventions with adult subjects. The research was carried out following the guidelines of the IRB for such studies. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable: No identifying information for participants is included in this article.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
