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Authors
Machiwa, Erick J.
Masanja, Verdiana G.
Matiko, Joseph W.
Kisangiri, Michael F.
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: "Ethical approval is not applicable to this study, as it involves purely computational simulations using OMNeT + + with no human or animal participants." Consent to participate is not applicable, as this research does not involve human subjects.
: Consent to publish is not applicable, as this manuscript contains no personal, identifiable, or confidential data from any individual."
: The authors declare no competing interests.
