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Authors
Tuyishime, Kenneth
Adewusi, Michael Adelani
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Directorate of Higher Degrees and Research of Kampala International University. The research utilized secondary cattle herd records and environmental datasets; therefore, no direct experiments on animals or humans were conducted.
: Not applicable, as this study did not involve human participants.
: Not applicable, as no personal data, images, or identifying information are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
