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Article History

Received: 9 August 2025

Accepted: 12 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted using publicly available, fully anonymized data. Therefore, no institutional ethics approval was required as the dataset does not involve any direct interaction with human participants nor contain identifiable personal information. Not applicable. The study uses an open-source dataset with no personally identifiable data. No human participants were directly involved, and no consent procedures were required.

: Not applicable for this section.

: The authors declare no competing interests.