Krishna, K. Sai
Prince, P. Grace Kanmani
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study involved no human or animal subjects. Only publicly available anonymized datasets (MIAS and DDSM) were used, and all experiments complied with their respective consent and usage policies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.