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Article History

Received: 24 September 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. The study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethics approval. Not applicable. The study exclusively uses publicly available and anonymized datasets and therefore does not require adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki or related ethical regulations. Not applicable. This study does not involve direct participation of human subjects. All analyses were conducted using publicly available and anonymized datasets, and therefore informed consent was not required.

: Not applicable. No identifiable personal data is included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.